recommender systems (rs) provide personalized recommendation according to user need by analyzing behavior of users and gathering their information. one of the algorithms used in recommender systems is user-based collaborative filtering (cf) method. the idea is that if users have similar preferences in the past, they will probably have similar preferences in the future. the important part of col...

This paper presents short summary about commonly used filters in macroeconomics. We consider Hodrick-Prescott filter, Butterworth filter, Ideal Bandpass filter, Baxter-King filter and Christiano-Fitzgerald filter. 1 The filtering problem Given raw data, {xt}t=1, we are interested in isolating component of xt, denoted by {yt}t=1, with period of oscillation between pl and pu, where 2 ≤ pl < pu < ...